Top 10 Proven Cuses Of Acne

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions worldwide, yet many people still struggle to understand why it happens. At Cutiscity, we focus on evidence based skincare education to help patients make informed choices and seek the right care at the right time.

Here are the top 10 proven, science backed causes of acne, explained simply and accurately.

1. Hormonal Fluctuations (Androgens)

Hormonal shifts are the most powerful drivers of acne. Androgens increase oil (sebum) production and trigger inflammation inside the follicles.

Common situations that worsen acne:

• Puberty

• Menstrual cycles

• PCOS

• Pregnancy

• Stress

• Starting or stopping hormonal contraception

2. Excess Sebum (Oil) Production

Overactive sebaceous glands create an oily environment that easily clogs pores and feeds inflammation. Those with naturally oily skin are more prone to persistent breakouts.

3. Abnormal Shedding of Skin Cells (Follicular Keratinization)

Acne begins with a clogged pore. When dead skin cells stick together instead of shedding normally, they block the follicle and form comedones;  the foundation of whiteheads, blackheads, and deeper lesions.

4. C. acnes Bacterial Overgrowth

Cutibacterium acnes is a normal skin bacteria. Problems arise when it gets trapped inside clogged pores. This imbalance triggers inflammatory mediators that turn small comedones into painful, inflamed pimples.

5. Genetics and Family History

Acne often runs in families. If one or both parents had moderate or severe acne, the risk and likelihood of scarring is significantly higher.

6. High-Glycemic Diet

Foods that spike insulin; sugary snacks, sweetened drinks, white bread, processed carbs, stimulate hormonal pathways that increase oil production. Several studies show clear improvement in acne with low-GI diets.

7. Dairy Intake (Especially Skim Milk)

Dairy, particularly skim milk, is linked to acne in multiple studies. It affects IGF-1 and androgen pathways, both of which play a role in breakouts.

8. Stress and Cortisol

Stress doesn’t cause acne alone, but it amplifies it.

Stress hormones increase oil production and inflammation, delay healing, and often lead to picking which results in pigmentation and scarring.

9. Comedogenic or Occlusive Products

Certain products can block pores or create friction, leading to:

• Acne cosmetica (from makeup, oils, balms, heavy moisturizers)

• Acne mechanica (from masks, helmets, tight clothing, sports gear)

Switching to “non-comedogenic” and “oil-free” formulations helps prevent flare ups.

10. Medication-Induced Acne

Some drugs are known triggers:

• Steroids (including bodybuilding supplements)

• Lithium

• Isoniazid

• Testosterone boosters

- Collagen & protein supplements 

• Certain antiepileptics

This type of acne usually appears suddenly and looks similar across the body.

Final Thoughts

Acne is a multifactorial condition; not a hygiene problem or a lifestyle “mistake.” Understanding the true causes helps patients choose effective treatments and avoid unnecessary irritation or frustration.

At Cutiscity, our goal is to bring dermatology-backed clarity to skincare.